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Malformations/anomalies in the development of cestodes
Aliaskerova, Madina ; Schreiber, Manfred (advisor) ; Chanová, Marta (referee)
Anomalies in tapeworms can appear spontaneously under natural conditions, at both morphological and developmental level. In adult tapeworms, malformations at morphological level are manifested on the scolex and strobila. Their detailed description can be found in Taenia saginata, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia solium, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiense, Dibothriocephalus latus, Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis microstoma. In the larval stages of Taenia crassiceps, the malformations occur predominantly on the skolex. Morphological malformations may be manifested by multiplication of suckers or change in the appearance and number of hooks, change in the structure of the genitalia, occurrence of lateral segments, fenestration of the strobila or occurrence of multiple planes of symmetry. However, these malformations can also be caused by targeted radiation exposure, temperature stress or anthelmintics. Developmental anomalies are also manifested by spontaneous appearance of tapeworms in different parts of the body in different host species. There is a link between anomalous infections and the immune status of the host. Possible causes of anomalies include damage to neoblasts, lack of a proper immune response by the host, anthelmintics, host diet, or environmental influences.
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Transcriptomic analysis of Mesocestoides corti
Korená, Lucie ; Leontovyč, Roman (advisor) ; Převorovský, Martin (referee)
Some species of parasites, including helminths, can inhibit carcinogenesis in their hosts. The antitumoral effect has been discovered in the tapeworms Taenia crassiceps and Echinococcus granulosus, which genes associated with cancer regression have been identified. The effect of melanoma suppression has also been observed in tapeworm Mesocestoides corti by the Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, however the mechanism-of-action, remains unknown. For the upcoming research it was essential to have the complex molecular data such as transcriptome of the developmental stage s of M. corti. This work is focused on the transcriptomic profiling of the tapeworm M. corti and the differential gene expression in two different strains of murine hosts (inbred and outbred) using the RNA-Seq. The main goal was to identify upregulated transcripts in the tapeworms from the murine hosts that could have a potential effect on cancer regression. Differential gene expression analysis was performed, and the results showed that tapeworms in murine hosts (regardless of strain) had more upregulated transcripts than tapeworms cultured in vitro. Analysis of highly upregulated transcripts in the tapeworms that were grown in the murine hosts identified several...
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Tapeworm parasitic in the digestive tract rays Amblyraja radiata on Svalbard
PADALÍKOVÁ, Petra
This bachelor thesis is interested in tapeworms of the stingray Amblyraja radiata. These rays Ambyraja radiata living in Svalbard. It is known about 5000 species of parasitic tapeworms which are parasites on vertebrates. The highest number of tapeworms lives in cartilaginous fish, and fish. Adults are found in the digestive system of vertebrates. In obtained samples were found three genera of tapeworms: Grillotia, Pseudanthobothrium, Echeneneibothrium. My objective was to determine the species. My aim was to compare the results with the literature and characterize the community tapeworm rays Amblyraja radiata in Svalbard. Identification of tapeworms was based on morphological characters. Morphological features are (eg. strobili maximum width, length cirrus sac, testes number and shape of hooks.) These characters I visualized by means of staining, light microscopy and electron microscopy. I used a carmine staining into individual samples tapeworms. Thanks to this coloring I achieved better visibility of internal organs, particularly genitals. Thanks to scanning electron microscopy I was allowed to observe the specimen surface.
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Molekulárně-fylogenetická charakteristika izolátu Hymenolepis diminuta udržovaného v laboratorních podmínkáh
ŘEŽÁBKOVÁ, Lucie
The main goal of the present study was to confirm the possibility of cryptic diversity within Hymenolepis diminuta group of tapeworms. We used molecular-fylogenetic analyses for characterization of the intraspecific genetic diversity of five isolates of Hymenolepis diminuta. Further, we wanted to compare our isolate of H. diminuta that is tested for purposes of the helminth therapy with other isolates obtained from collaborative institutions. Our results showed no cryptic diversity within H. diminuta clade of the five isolates and confirmed that our isolate is really H. diminuta previously characterized only based on its morphology.
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Heavy metals in parasite-host systems: tapeworm vs. fish
Baruš, Vlastimil ; Tenora, F. ; Prokeš, Miroslav ; Peňáz, Milan
Concentrations of heavy metals in two parasite-host systems (tapeworm vs. fish) were analysed. In the system Ligula intestinalis vs. common bream Abramis brama, white bream Blicca bjoerkna and roach Rutilus rutilus were found in the biomass of plerocercoids mean heavy metal concentrations ranging in Pb 3.20-4.51, in Cd 0.21-0.31, in Cr 1.13-3.16 mg/kg in the 100% dry matter. Regarding the values of accumulation ratio, the parasite accumulated 12.5-18.9 time more Pb, 2.3-3.0 times more Cd, and 4.4-14.1 times more Cr, compared to heavy metal concentrations in the muscles of intermediate hosts.
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